Paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Manual Aesthetics and Techniques Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Manual Esthetics and Techniques Answer: Advantages of back rub in body conditions In this unique situation, the advantages of back rub treatment have been recognized to give help in a portion of the distressed physiological conditions. The current investigation centers around the significance of manual feel in the treatment of long haul conditions. For the current investigation, various body conditions have been engaged upon, for example, oedema, the firmness of the joint and hormonal lopsided characteristics. There are various advantages of the back rub treatment for the administration of the overall conditions. In this manner, a standard message of the agonizing zones of the body by an authorized advisor can help in improving portability in individuals with the firmness of joints. As declared by Parikh et al. (2017), rub treatment has appeared to create a hostile impact by bringing down the creation of stress hormones, for example, cortisol. Also, the concerned treatment has been believed to lessen the blend of the synapse substance P related with an impression of torment in the body. Information accumulated from research and examinations have affirmed that various neurohormones, for example, dopamine and serotonin are discharged into the body as advantages of the back rub (Bervoets et al. 2015). Impact of a condition on the homeostasis of the body Hormones are substance detachments made out of polypeptide chains integrated by the endocrine organs. They have an across the board method of activity and produce consequences for an organ far off from the site of combination. In this manner, the digestion of the human body is reliant upon hormonal guideline. Hence, the divergence in ideal degrees of hormone amalgamation can influence the homeostasis of the body (Bervoets et al. 2015). This condition is frequently known as homeostatic awkwardness and can influence a wide scope of conditions, for example, diabetes, drying out, strange stature or diminutive people. For instance, the and the cells of the pancreas combine insulin and Glucagon separately. The hormones have been known to keep up the volume of sugar in the body by covering the abundance Glucose into Glycogen and the other way around. As remarked by Park et al. (2017), bounty in glucose focus can result in glycemic stuns regularly bringing about a trance like state in hardly any cases. Need of a clinical leeway The contraindications for hormonal irregular characteristics may change from individual to individual contingent upon the kind of manifestations created. With regards to diabetes, an awkwardness is created between the degrees of insulin and glucagon. The condition is known as hyperglycemia and can deliver a scope of clinical conditions in the patient. A portion of these incorporate exhaustion, the regular need of pee, glycemic stuns, expanded degrees of palpitations and nervousness in the patient alongside deferred recuperating of wounds (Barreto Batista, 2017). Helpful measure for development of the body condition In this regard, the Swedish back rub framework could be utilized for the scope of stylish advantages that it provides.The Swedish back rub developments can be separated into the accompanying three sorts, for example, Effleurage, where skimming rub methods are applied covering various pieces of the body. This further encourages the procedure of blood flow driving poisonous substances to the lymphatic channels. Petrissage is where the muscles of the body are massaged to deliver unwinding by discharging serotonin. Cadenced tapping to improve blood course can be utilized to give help in distressing conditions by creating more epinephrine in the blood. The epinephrine assumes a significant job in managing the homeostatic state of the body. Epinephrine assumes a crucial job in controlling the degree of blood glucose level. It actuates the arrival of more glucose into the circulation system by changing over the put away glycogen into glucose. As remarked by Park et al. (2017), such conditions set up the body to adapt up to crises. The treatment is helpful for the treatment of diabetes related optional impacts, for example, Rheumatoid joint pain because of tissue putrefaction. Besides, the strategy can likewise be useful in the treatment of hypoglycemic conditions where blood glucose level falls beneath the typical. Notwithstanding, as contended by Field (2016), individuals with Type I diabetes may think that its hard to change over the overabundance glucose back to glycogen. As proposed by Field (2016), the Swedish back rub treatments have seen to lessen the degrees of vasopressin and arginine in the blood. So also, the hormones have been found to diminish the degrees of incendiary cytokines in the blood alongside cortisol. Planning of a reasonable treatment plan A powerful treatment plan should be intended for treatment of physiological issue. In this manner, hormonal awkwardness is frequently constant in nature and may length for a lifetime. In this manner, hostile to diabetic drugs alongside legitimate rest and care can help in controlling raised blood glucose levels. Also, light activities, for example, energetic strolling taken all the time can forestall heart infirmities, which are regularly auxiliary hazard related with diabetics. Game plan: Method of treatment Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Restorative treatment Light exercise and change in diet Assessment and development Table 1: Gantt diagram (Source: Learner) Investigation: For acquiring positive outcomes, the patients experiencing hormonal awkward nature were made to experience an a month treatment. In the first week, the patients were for the most part put on advantageous hormone treatment. They were made to experience a 14 days medication follow up to assuage the side effects related with constant metabolic issue. For the following fourteen days, the patients were put under light activities and nutrient rich weight control plans. The activities helped in controlling the irregularities in the degree of glucose upkeep. The patients accepting the medications were put under screening method in the fourth week. The geniuses and the cons of the techniques were additionally examined to choose the future strategy. References Barreto, D. M., Batista, M. V. A. (2017). Swedish Massage: A Systematic Review of its Physical and Psychological Benefits.Advances at the top of the priority list body medicine,31(2), 16. Bervoets, D. C., Luijsterburg, P. An., Alessie, J. J., Buijs, M. J., Verhagen, A. P. (2015). Back rub treatment has transient advantages for individuals with normal musculoskeletal issue contrasted with no treatment: a deliberate review.Journal of Physiotherapy,61(3), 106-116. Field, T. (2016). Back rub treatment look into review.Complementary treatments in clinical practice,24, 19-31. Parikh, S. S., Shepelyak, Y., Cuccurullo, S. (2017). Elective Medicine for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient. InComprehensive Pain Management in the Rehabilitation Patient(pp. 617-626). Springer International Publishing. Park, J., Shim, J., Kim, S., Namgung, S., Ku, I., Cho, M., ... Roh, H. (2017). Use of back rub for lower leg joint adaptability and balance.Journal of Physical Therapy Science,29(5), 789-792.

How to Overcome Your Fear of Alcohol Withdrawal

How to Overcome Your Fear of Alcohol Withdrawal Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Print How to Overcome a Fear of Alcohol Withdrawal After Quitting By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 13, 2019 becon / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Withdrawal and Relapse Binge Drinking Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Have you ever wanted to quit drinking alcohol but were hesitant to do so because you feared that the withdrawal symptoms would be too severe? You are not alone. Many people are afraid the withdrawal symptoms  could be dangerous if they quit drinking. You may have tried to quit drinking alcohol before and discovered that the symptoms you experienced were more severe than you anticipated. Maybe you decided to go back to drinking just to relieve those symptoms. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms are the primary reason that many people quickly relapse when they attempt to quit. Uncomfortable Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Can Be Reduced Make no mistake about it, alcohol withdrawal symptoms can be severe, and in some cases fatal.?? If you are a daily drinker, a heavy drinker or a frequent binge drinker, suddenly quitting will likely produce a wide range of uncomfortable symptoms. But today there is help available for people trying to give up alcohol, even after a lifetime of heavy drinking. There is treatment available that can greatly reduce or eliminate most of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Seek Help Rather Than Quitting Cold Turkey Without Support The key to quitting alcohol while avoiding unpleasant withdrawal symptoms is asking for help. If you have decided that it is in your best interest to stop drinking, seek help from your family doctor or primary healthcare provider. There are specific medical treatments that your physician can provide you with that will stop or reduce most of the symptoms you would normally experience if you quit cold turkey. Benzodiazepines (tranquilizers) are the main treatment for symptoms of withdrawal, like the shakes, and are also key to preventing and treating delirium tremens (DTs). ?? You may be given beta-blockers to reduce your heart rate and anti-seizure medications in case you do go into the DTs.?? Your healthcare provider may also suggest vitamins and dietary changes help with your withdrawal symptoms.?? Treatment Options for Alcohol Withdrawal Symptoms Professional Detox Programs Another alternative, especially if you have experienced severe withdrawal in the past, is to check yourself into a professional detoxification facility. Detox programs involve short-term (usually less than seven days) inpatient treatment during which specially trained professionals monitor your withdrawal closely and administer medications as needed. One advantage of in-patient detox is that you will be away from your usual drinking triggers and therefore be less likely to pick up a drink to stop the symptoms when they begin.?? And no, you do not have to be falling-down drunk to check into detox. People voluntarily check in every day. Bottom Line If you need to quit drinking, dont let alcohol withdrawal scare you off. There are medications and treatments available today that can help you get through those first early days of no alcohol consumption. You dont have to do it on your own. Alcohol Withdrawal From Day 1 to Day 30

The Rights And Nation By Gerald Friesen Essay - 2007 Words

In his book, Citizens and Nation, Gerald Friesen first mentions the concept of â€Å"imagined communities† as he states, â€Å"Space had been restructured because the communication media had eliminated so many of the inherited constraints of physical existence† (Friesen 177). Thus, for Friesen, an imagined community is constructed as communication technologies connect individuals across geographical boundaries, therefore releasing the limitations of space. While Friesen’s definition implies that a technological intermediary is needed for the formation of imagined relations, his work, Citizens and Nation works to prove that communities that are based on something other than face-to-face communication, can, without technology, also be considered imagined†. Moreover, using, Oral-Traditional and Screen-Capitalist societies, two distinct time space-configurations, this essay will demonstrate how throughout history, the concept of â€Å"Imagined Communities† differed in its effect and prevalence in Canadian life. To begin, an analysis of Oral Traditional societies will work demonstrate that while per-literate communities were predominantly traditional, their connection to the land cultivated an â€Å"imagined community†. Prior to the invention of print, Canadian aboriginals lived in an oral society where the spoken word was the dominant form of communication. Because the transfer of information was limited to face to face communication, oral societies, unlike imagined communities, could only

The Role Of Organizational And Contextual Constraints On...

1.1 Introduction Managing public sector organisations is not an easy task. It comprises organisational arrangements, beliefs and values, individual views along with community benefits, political choices, and organisational aims and objectives that are occasionally at odds with those of stakeholders. However, this research project is going to explore viable solutions to make an effective strategic change in the public sector organisations of Dubai. In this regard, the study is going to assess the research area through conducting a research based interview data collection method. Through this method, the research will try to explore the influence of organisational and contextual constraints on the strategic change management and planning process and find out the major factors elements of the planning perspective. 1.2 Research Method 1.2.1 Qualitative Research Approach Qualitative research approach will be used in this study. The Strategic Management Journal supports using empirical methods based on qualitative research that explore important research questions and phenomena so as to generate new insights into the topic area. It has been found that qualitative research frequently provides a means of addressing generalizable patterns regarding important questions in the field of strategic change management. Qualitative research is a situated of investigative methods whose utilization is far reaching. It gives a review of the conduct and individuals’ recognitions andShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Project Management For Construction1129 Words   |  5 PagesConstruction Management is not a new idea. The function of the Construction Manager is to work on behalf of the owner to complete a project within the plans and specifications provided. In the last few years construction practices have changed dramatically. Technology, materials, government bureaucracy, financing, design, and engineering have all advanced. With the complexity of the construction process increasing, owners demand accountability and accurate guidance during the entire planning and constructionRead MoreFactor Influence Organisational Change6039 Words   |  25 Pagescom/0953-4814.htm Factors inï ¬â€šuencing organizational change efforts An integrative investigation of change content, context, process and individual differences H. Jack Walker, Achilles A. Armenakis and Jeremy B. Bernerth Department of Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the integrative inï ¬â€šuence of content, context, process, and individual differences on organizational change efforts. Design/methodology/approach –Read MorePolyProds Management Information System: A Case Study3977 Words   |  16 Pagesdivision. She is actively trying to improve the current management information system (MIS), but while committed, realizes it will be a difficult job. 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One of the major highlights since the deregulation process was the ‘low cost airline revolution’ or the development of the new market rivals ‘low-cost carriers (LCCs)’Read MoreProblems Faced By Nurses Shortage Of Amesbury Health Center1813 Words   |  8 Pagesproactive initiatives to manage the internal and external difficulties and opting for better changes (Baines et al., 2013). The paper highlights the problem of nurse shortage in Amesbury Health Center, causes of the phenomenon, factors hindering the desired change, and the effective change model. The study also provides the solution to the issue. Finally, the paper gives the suggestion on the organizational change to handle the need. The Problem The issue at hand that has greatly limited the operationRead MoreEssay on The Affect of Project Management on Strategy and Governance 3620 Words   |  15 Pagesincreasingly embraced project management as a key strategy for staying ahead in today’s highly competitive business environment. Successful implementation of project management creates an organization that can readily meet the demands of each project and yet adapt quickly to a constantly changing dynamic environment, perhaps at the same time (Kerzner, 2010). Management considers the organization’s resources, its competitive positioning and its critical areas of strategic uncertainty. Gaddis (1997)Read MoreFeatures of Shrm Human Resources Function5768 Words   |  24 Pagesfeatures of SHRM? (10 marks) There are 3 models of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) being taken by Macquarie Bank – the best practice view, the best fit view and the resources-based approach. Each approach is capable to make impact in an organizational performance, usually through increased competitive advantage and added value. The meaning of SHRM can only really be understood in the context of something else, namely organizational performance, whether that be in terms of economic value

Innovation and Sustainable Business Development Long Range Planning

Question: Discuss about theInnovation and Sustainable Business Developmentfor Long Range Planning. Answer: The essay highlights the concepts of business model and how a business model effectively helps in establishing business of a firm. Business model is used in explaining various aspects of the business ranging from its value proposition to the innovation process that a particular business entity wants to adapt in its business activity. The aim of this paper is to get involved in the business model conceptualization and the way a particular firm utilizes their business model to solve their static and dynamic business activities. A detailed analysis of the importance of framing a business model shall be carried on in this study. The argument will be supported by the means of real life business models that have been used by major organization in their business activities. As stated by Kodama (2009), that a business model comprises two elements. These are a specific business system and a profit model. The aim of framing a business model is to conceptualize a picture on how a business operates in its operating environment. In addition to this, a business model also provides the opportunity of using the available resources best as per the ability of the firm (Kodama, 2009). The aim of the firm is to maximize the utilization of the resources available to them. The two components of the business model are inclined towards describing the maximum utilization of the resources and deliver the products to the consumers in a profitable manner (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). The business system is concerned with the system of work that the organization undertakes to deliver its products, while the profit model describes how an organization shall utilize its resources to bring out maximum profit from its business activities. On the other hand, according to Zott and Amit (2010), a business model system is rather designed on three parameters. These are activity content, activity system structure and activity system governance. The business model aims at selecting a particular activity and then aimed at designing a particular structure of the business models. For example, during the financial crisis, the Banclombia has been found to adopt certain strategies and provided microcredit services to 60% of the Colombian (Saebi Foss, 2015). Another change in business model approach has been evident by IBM. It has been found that the company shifted its business activity from dealing with hardware and became a software provider as well. In order to develop this business model, IBM has been found to improve their infrastructure. Consulting with various services, the Company has been able to mark improve their business activities by major changes in their business model (Schneider Spieth, 2013). There are various means of analyzing the profit margin generated by a particular firm. One of the methods of analyzing the business effectiveness is by checking it using the gross profit metric (Saebi Foss, 2015). It is the method where the gross profit earned by the company is calculated by subtracting the cost of goods sold and the actual revenue earned by the company. In this respect Itami and Nishino (2010) has pointed out that the intension of a company always remain to maximize the profit of the company and thus, the business system is designed likewise. Other important objectives that are fulfilled by designing an effective business model are to create better opportunities for the stakeholders involved with the organization. Business model also focuses on innovation and technologies. In the view point of Carayannis, Sindakis and Walter, C. (2015), if many people are involved in the organizational activities, the scope and opportunity for better innovation increases. It has to be understood in the recent business market scenario, competition has been found to increase deliberately. Therefore, in order to combat against this increasing competition, involving in better innovative approaches is indeed an important criterion to be involved at the time of designing the business model. Business model can be regarded as the system which is inter-related with a number of interdependent activities taking place within the organization (Zott Amit, 2010). The business model has potential role to play in the major decision making that the entrepreneurs make to enhance their business activities. Thus, it can be said that a business model significantly help to establish value for the business (Morris, et al., 2015). However, it has been evident that the business model varies from one organization to other and the frameworks for all the business models are not same. Business model framework provides flexibility to the managers of the organization as well. It is due to the flexibility of the business framework, many organizations are found to come up with changes in their business models based on the market situation. A number of such examples can be given here. An example of a successful business model can be given here. The success Google can be easily be given to the business model that they have designed for their firm. Google provides service to its users without charging a single amount of money. The idea of providing the users with the contents is to attract them (Kodama, 2009). With more contents available to the users, the chance of gaining their attention increases. However, the idea behind the development of the business model is to sell the space to the marketers and advertisers. Today, Google is the most liked search engine. The business model of Google has also considered the cost effective of the firm. For instance, the organization has its own in-house server system that has helped the organization to provide the service within a minimum expenditure (Kodama, 2009). However, it should also be mentioned that the business model of Google is built on both innovation and technology. Similar approaches have been made by other compa nies as well. No matter if it is a manufacturing company or a software development company, innovation and technological advancement is included in the business model of these firms. The complete action of the business activities depends on how the business model is framed by the company. Another important concept of business model has been evident among the Japanese firms. The Japanese style of leadership is based on knowledge integration and innovation. Many business models are based on these two concepts (Itami Nishino, 2010). For instance, the new knowledge creation and the vertical value chain model are the two common business models used in the Japanese companies. The vertical value chain model is most effective model and often helps in the creation of a win-win situation. A company has to continuously access the situation of the business model used in carrying out their activities. Whatever approach is taken, it should be valuable and effective to the particular organization (Itami Nishino, 2010). The success of the Japanese companies can be easily given to the innovative framework that they use in their business system. The business models that the Japanese companies use are much different from those used in the Western countries. For example, the telecommun ication company DoCoMo has been found to use the Vertical integration model in their business. This has significantly helped them to be effective enough to create their own path of integration (Kodama, 2009). This can be regarded as the basic reason behind the success of these business models. Among the three articles on business models, the article by Kodama has been helpful to a great extent. Business models depend on the organizational activities and the market where the organization operates. The business models are designed to engage the stakeholders and increase the profit of the business (Kodama, 2009). However, the role of technology and innovation in framing the business model of an organization cannot be neglected. The advancement in the field of technology has created various options for the business to come up with better approaches and design their business model that is best suitable for the particular business. The business model also enables an organization to fight against the competitors present in the business environment (DaSilva Trkman, 2014). It has to be understood that the corporate activities of a firm depends on the boundaries of market where it operates. Innovation can be regarded as the major driving force behind the success of a business model . By the end of the discussion, it can be said that business models depend on various factors. It has been found that the foundation of the business model depends largely on the area where the particular business operates. For instance the business model of Western countries varies from that of the business model of Japan or other such countries. A detailed investigation on the various business models adopted by various companies in different stages of their business has been evaluated. The business model might also requires to set up new infrastructure for the firm as well but the same is made affordable by the company depending on the profitability that it earns while operating the particular business environment. An organization has to keep competitive measures to keep its dominance in the market where it operates. References: Bonakdar, A. (2015).Business model innovation(Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Gallen). Carayannis, E. G., Sindakis, S., Walter, C. (2015). Business model innovation as lever of organizational sustainability.The Journal of Technology Transfer,40(1), 85-104. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing two birds with one stone: profit for now and learning for the future.Long Range Planning,43(2), 364-369. Kastalli, I. V., Van Looy, B. (2013). Servitization: Disentangling the impact of service business model innovation on manufacturing firm performance.Journal of Operations Management,31(4), 169-180. Kodama, M. (2009). Boundaries innovation and knowledge integration in the Japanese firm.Long Range Planning,42(4), 463-494. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J., Allen, J. (2015). Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), 27-50. Saebi, T., Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), 201-213. Schneider, S., Spieth, P. (2013). Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), 1340001. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business model design: an activity system perspective.Long range planning,43(2), 216-226.

The percentage energy loss Essay Example

The percentage energy loss Paper When an object has Gravitational Potential Energy due to its raised position, it will gain Kinetic Energy if it falls. The maximum kinetic energy it can gain is equal to the potential energy it can lose. When the ball hits the ground and then bounces back up again, the amount of potential energy the second time is not as great as from when you first started. This is because of Percentage Energy Loss and Elastic Potential Energy. The Percentage Energy Loss is the second Potential Energy divided by the first Potential energy then multiplied by one hundred. E. g.PEi PEi x 100 = Percentage Energy Lost Energy stored in a stretched or compressed spring is elastic potential energy. When Elastic Potential Energy occurs, sound waves, movement and little heat is made throughout the surface it hits and therefore this can also be a factor I could measure. Another energy factor I could measure is the Energy Conversion. You can find this out by one simple equation similar to the one before. E. g. Height 1 Height 2 x 100 = Energy Conversion There are also equations to work out the Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy too. E. g. Potential Energy (PE) = mass (m) x gravity (g) x height (h) Kinetic Energy (KE) = 1/2 x mass (m) x velocity (v) i Change in Potential Energy (PE) = Change in Kinetic Energy (KE) All these equations will be usual for my investigation and so will use some of them to prove my theory or prediction and hope the results come out successfully. Prediction Due to preliminary work I found out that the drop height potential energy is twice as great as the bounce height potential energy. Therefore meaning the tennis ball loses about half its potential energy the second time round. We will write a custom essay sample on The percentage energy loss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The percentage energy loss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The percentage energy loss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This can be calculated by using the Energy Conversion equation or Percentage Energy Lost equation. Both these equations gave me about 50% energy loss in the bounce height to the drop height. This could be the reason of elastic potential energy but we will have to see in out second set of results and find out the reason for it being 50% and not any other result. Plan During this experiment there will be many factors that you will have to take into consideration as each one could have an effect on the investigation and we only want to change one of these factors to make it a fair test. We would also like to keep the calculations nice and simple too, so that the results can easily be plotted onto graphs and tables for easier use These are some of the main variables we will need to take into consideration: Mass of the ball   Size and material of the ball Drop height of the ball   The surface used to drop the ball onto   Ball pressure Conditions and atmosphere To make it a fair investigation I must only change one variable and keep the rest the same. Some of the variables are simple and easy to keep under control but others could cause problems or are difficult to keep under control. One variable for example, conditions of atmosphere, is very hard to keep under control as it is a natural atmosphere and if you wanted to make it perfect other equipment and scientific knowledge will need to be known. There are still rules you will have to follow though to try and keep the conditions roughly the same throughout the investigation. Here are each of the variables and how I would control them throughout the investigation: Variable How I would control it Mass of ball   Keep the ball indoors or outdoors each time. If outdoors then out of the rain otherwise it would affect the mass of the ball by making it heavier and therefore affecting the elastic potential energy. Size and Material of ball   If you keep the same ball throughout the investigation the size and material should then stay the same and shouldnt have any affect. Drop height of the ball   This variable is the factor I have decided to change. By doing this I can change the heights and measure the different energy factors involved. The surface used to drop the ball onto. The surface is always an important factor in this investigation because if changed during the recording of results the bounce height and elastic potential energy could be affected greatly. Therefore I would use the same surface each time. Ball pressure   Now the pressure within the ball is hard to keep exactly the same as each time its used some pressure could be lost but as long as I keep the same ball for each result then I should get a good set of results. Conditions of atmosphere   Now this is a hard variable to control but as long as I stay in the same place (e.g. indoors) then I should be fine and the conditions shouldnt really change. The temperature may rise with the amount of people being the same room at the same time but this wont have much affect. Safety Safety is always a matter that must be taken into consideration throughout any investigation as you could be putting your life and others around you, at risk. For this investigation the safety factors are little but still must be noticed. During this experiment no dangerous items, objects, or chemicals are being used therefore it should be easy to stay safe and simple.

How to Add Resource Files in Delphi Executables

How to Add Resource Files in Delphi Executables Games and other types of applications which use multimedia files like sounds and animations must either distribute the extra multimedia files along with the application or embed the files within the executable. Rather than distribute separate files for your applications use, you can add the raw data to your application as a resource. You can then retrieve the data from your application when it is needed. This technique is generally more desirable because it can keep others from manipulating those add-in files. This article will show you how to embed (and use) sound files, video clips, animations and more generally any kind of binary files in a Delphi executable. For the most general purpose, youll see how to put an MP3 file inside a Delphi exe. Resource Files (.RES) In the Resource Files Made Easy article you were presented with several examples of the use of bitmaps, icons, and cursors from resources. As stated in that article we can use the Image Editor to create and edit resources that consist of such types of files. Now, when we are interested in storing various types of (binary) files inside a Delphi executable well have to deal with resource script files (.rc), the Borland Resource Compiler tool and other. Including several binary files in your executable consists of 5 steps: Create and/or collect all the files you wish to put in an exe.Create a resource script file (.rc) that describes those resources used by your application,Compile the resource script file (.rc) file to create a resource file (.res),Link the compiled resource file into the application’s executable file,Use individual resource element. The first step should be simple, simply decide what types of files you would like to store in your executable. For example, we will store two .wav songs, one .ani animations and one .mp3 song. Before we move on, here are a few important statements concerning limitations when working with resources: Loading and unloading resources is not a time-consuming operation. Resources are part of the applications executable file and are loaded at the same time the application runs.All the (free) memory can be used when loading/unloading resources. In other words, there are no limits on the number of resources loaded at the same time.Of course, resource files do double the size of an executable. If you want smaller executables, consider placing resources and parts of your project in a dynamic link library (DLL) or its more specialized variation. Lets now see how to create a file that describes resources. Creating a Resource Script File (.RC) A resource script file is a just a simple text file with the extension .rc that lists resources. The script file is in this format: ResName1 ResTYPE1 ResFileName1ResName2 ResTYPE2 ResFileName2...ResNameX ResTYPEX ResFileNameX... RexName specifies either a unique name or an integer value (ID) that identifies the resource. ResType describes the type of resource and the ResFileName is the full path and file name to the individual resource file. To create a new resource script file, simply do the following: Create a new text file in your projects directory.Rename it to AboutDelphi.rc. In the AboutDelphi.rc file, have the following lines: Clock WAVE c:\mysounds\projects\clock.wavMailBeep WAVE c:\windows\media\newmail.wavCool AVI cool.aviIntro RCDATA introsong.mp3 The script file simply defines resources. Following the given format the AboutDelphi.rc script lists two .wav files, one .avi animation, and one .mp3 song. All statements in a .rc file associate an identifying name, type and file name for a given resource. There are about a dozen predefined resource types. These include icons, bitmaps, cursors, animations, songs, etc. The RCDATA defines generic data resources. RCDATA let you include a raw data resource for an application. Raw data resources permit the inclusion of binary data directly in the executable file. For example, the RCDATA statement above names the application’s binary resource Intro and specifies the file introsong.mp3, which contains the song for that MP3 file. Note: make sure you have all the resources you list in your .rc file available. If the files are inside your projects directory you dont have to include the full file name. In my .rc file .wav songs are located *somewhere* on the disk and both the animation and MP3 song are located in the projects directory. Creating a Resource File (.RES) To use the resources defined in the resource script file, we must compile it to a .res file with the Borlands Resource Compiler. The resource compiler creates a new file based on the contents of the resource script file. This file usually has an .res extension. The Delphi linker will later reformat the .res file into a resource object file and then link it to the executable file of an application. The Borlands Resource Compiler command line tool is located in the Delphi Bin directory. The name is BRCC32.exe. Simply go to the command prompt and type brcc32 then press Enter. Since the Delphi\Bin directory is in your Path the Brcc32 compiler is invoked and displays the usage help (since it was called with no parameters). To compile the AboutDelphi.rc file to a .res file execute this command at the command prompt (in the projects directory): BRCC32 AboutDelphi.RC By default, when compiling resources, BRCC32 names the compiled resource (.RES) file with the base name of the .RC file and places it in the same directory as the .RC file. You can name the resource file anything you want, as long as it has the extension .RES and the filename without the extension is not the same as any unit or project filename. This is important because, by default, each Delphi project that compiles into an application has a resource file with the same name as the project file, but with the extension .RES. Its best to save the file to the same directory as your project file. Including (Linking/Embedding) Resources to Executables After the .RES file is linked to the executable file, the application can load its resources at run time as needed. To actually use the resource, youll have to make a few Windows API calls. In order to follow the article, youll need a new Delphi project with a blank form (the default new project). Of course add the {$R AboutDelphi.RES} directive to the main forms unit. Its finally time to see how to use resources in a Delphi application. As mentioned above, in order to use resources stored inside an exe file we have to deal with API. However, several methods can be found in the Delphi help files that are resource enabled. For example, take a look at the LoadFromResourceName method of a TBitmap object. This method extracts the specified bitmap resource and assigns it TBitmap object. This is *exactly* what LoadBitmap API call does. As always Delphi has improved an API function call to suit your needs better. Now, add the TMediaPlayer component to a form (name: MediaPlayer1) and add a TButton (Button2). Let the OnClick event look like: One minor *problem* is that the application creates an MP3 song on a user machine. You could add a code that deletes that file before the application is terminated. Extracting *. Of course, every other type of a binary file can be stored as a RCDATA type. The TRsourceStream is designed specially to help us extract such file from an executable. The possibilities are endless: HTML in an exe, EXE in exe, empty database in an exe, and so and so forth.

How to Build Your Resume With Expert Louise Fletcher

How to Build Your Resume With Expert Louise Fletcher Writing a resume has changed substantially over the years, and no one knows this better than resume expert Louise Fletcher of Blue Sky Resumes. She spoke with us about how resumes have changed and how job boards can help job hunters do a better job. What are some common misconceptions around resumes you see online?Oh, so many! I’ll just choose a few, or we’d be here all day.There are some myths that persist despite there being no evidence for them. One is that all resumes should be one page long. This is rubbish – in fact, if you have more than three to five years of experience, it’s usually not possible to tell your story on just one page. Most of the resumes we write are two pages long – occasionally for a very senior person, we will stretch to three.Another misconception is that using very formal language with lots of big words makes you sound professional and serious. We find that the most successful resumes are simple and direct.Finally, I†™d say that lots of people think they have to hide their personality when they write a resume, and stick to just the facts, but I think the best resumes give the reader a real sense of the candidate’s personality and character.What’s the first step for a new job seeker who hasn’t written a resume in a while? What should they focus on?Two things:Focus on what the employer needs. If you don’t have a specific job in mind, you’ll still be able to find out what’s important to employers in your target profession or industry. Look at job postings and talk to people and build a list of valued traits, skills and experiences.Look at your own background and find the strongest match between your traits, skills and experiences, and those sought by hiring managers. Choose no more than two or three key selling points based on what you’ve learned and focus your resume on these. For example, a marketing manager might choose to focus on his ability t o deliver results on a tight budget, his creativity on social media, and his strong Google analytics skills. He can now shape his whole resume around these three messages, writing a powerful headline and introduction, and telling compelling stories of success related to these three skills.How can job board managers encourage their applicants to submit better resumes?I think most job boards do an appalling job of helping candidates. Some have no information at all on resume writing, and some have a few generic articles. I think all job boards should have free courses or eBooks similar to the one I created for Blue Sky Resumes. A resource that walks people through the basics of creating a strong resume would make all the difference in terms of quality. Most people want to create a good resume – they just don’t know what’s expected.Increasingly, job applicants can have their resumes scanned and used to fill in blanks on an application. What are the dos and don†™ts of formatting your resume to make this easier?Some employers still use old scanning systems to store resumes, but most have now moved to automated applicant tracking systems, where the candidate completes an online form and then uploads his or her resume. With these automated systems, formatting of the actual document doesn’t matter except for the key point that you must submit in the file format they request. If you don’t, their system may not read your resume correctly. The other key tip is to include as many important keywords as possible because recruiters will search the system using these keywords.What are some resume mistakes that will get it put straight in the round file?People often answer this question by saying typos or grammatical errors, but I don’t think that’s actually true. If a resume arrives on your desk and the candidate is perfect, you’re not going to toss them out just because of a typo. Not that people shouldn’t be careful, of course!No, I think the reason most resumes get tossed out is that they don’t speak to the needs of the employer. It’s not enough to just tell your career history in chronological order. You have to market yourself and your skills by showing how you’ll add value.What trends in resumes and applying for jobs should we be keeping an eye on?I think a lot of people are trying to find alternatives to the resume – things like video resumes and online portfolios – but none of them have take off because they fail to take HR departments and recruiters into consideration. A recruiter just doesn’t have time to watch 100 video resumes – he or she wants to skim quickly to get the information they need. However, I think it’s becoming more common for companies – especially forward-thinking tech and new media companies – to look for ways around the resume. One alternative is using LinkedIn and asking people to apply directly through the site using their profiles rather than a resume. Another is to set up tests that have to be completed online and to judge applicants by their performance. Both are relatively new but something to keep an eye on.It’s also amazing how fast social media has become a vital hiring tool. Surveys show that huge numbers of recruiters are Googling candidates’ names before calling them in for interviews, which makes it very important to have a strong, professional online presence that supports what you’ve said in your resume.

Police interrogations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Police interrogations - Term Paper Example There is a clear distinction between using interrogation as a means of truth-seeking and as a means of coercive manipulation to arrive at confession. But this difference is lost on many who do not recognize the value of real police work, which begins with a case and ends with the accumulation of evidence. While there is reason to claim some police interrogation in the 21st century violates this truth-seeking purpose and borders instead on coercive manipulation, by and large police tactics today are founded upon refined psychological theories that relate to criminal behavior and are far more effective at eliciting genuine confessions than any tactics in the history of police work. American police interrogations have classically been structured, cultured, and practiced as a means of increasing the state’s ability to prosecute a suspect and to undermine his or her ability to craft a robust defense at trial (Leo, 2008, p. 11). The history of interrogations in the United States follows the movement away from an openly â€Å"third degree†, inquisitorial model to an adversarial model, which Leo (2008) describes as an era of science and psychology. In the past, when interrogations were even less visible to the public as they are now, harsher techniques were used with great frequency (Leo, 1992). The demand from the American public to solve crimes at high rates, however, has not changed from previous decades; only now, interrogations have become less about physical coercion and more about psychological manipulation (Leo, 2008). So-called â€Å"third degree† interrogation techniques were especially prevalent among law enforcement officials in the first quarter of the 20th century. The term â€Å"third degree† is a euphemism for the inflicting of physical and mental pain for the purpose of extracting confession or self-incriminating statements. The Wickersham Commission, which was founded in 1929 to discover the causes of

Individual assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Individual - Assignment Example ValackienÄâ€" and VirbickaitÄâ€" (2011) define a crisis is a sudden or unplanned phenomenon that may impede on its major product line, have negative implications on its financial performance, harm its consumers or negatively affect its employees’ well-being, or taint public trust or reputation of the organization. Crises are unknown threats to system survival, often characterised by limited time of reaction and response through human intervention. Crises faced by organisations may be environmental, financial or technological. Organisations experience different forms of crises in contemporary business situations. In response, organizations adopt strategies to monitor, rectify, and balance the situations in an attempt maintain public trust. A crisis may cause loss in legitimacy, which occurs in diverse forms depending on the nature of the problem (Coombs & Holladay, 2012). Crises threaten the social and cultural values including common beliefs of stakeholders and public trust in the organization’s business (Miller, 2014). An organisation is termed legal if its actions are appropriate and comply with the socially applied norms, values and beliefs within the social domain. Stakeholders perceive crises as a breach to the organisational norms and values, therefore, eroding the organisation’s reputation and legitimacy. Crisis always strikes when the management of an organization is uncertain or prepared for them. Swift action, therefore, is necessary to respond the situation before they escalate to the worst. An example is the April 20th 2010 BP oil spill crisis in the Mexican Gulf during deep water drilling activity (Freudenburg & Gramling, 2011). The deep-water drilling rig explosion caused massive contamination of the seawater by of millions of gallons of unprocessed. In addition, since BP was the principal and key contributor to the technology behind the deep-sea oil drilling and was solely

The Deterioration of Romero in El Tonto Del Barrio Essay -- Tonto Del

The Deterioration of Romero in El Tonto Del Barrio  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   After reading Jose Armas’s story, "El Tonto Del Barrio," I was greatly touched by this simple yet effective story of how the village idiot is used to teach a lesson to the audience. However, after researching the topic, I found that there had been no literary discussion concerning Armas or "El Tonto del Barrio." I was shocked to find this out, and I believe this is an interesting and important story which should be looked into. "El Tonto del Barrio" is not just a story about a college-bound young man named Seferino who tries to help the community "idiot" Romero, but it is also a story about a man who slowly deteriorates when his pride is taken away and his dignity not acknowledged. First, to understand how Romero deteriorates, we must look at how life for Romero was before Seferino tried to pay him wages for sweeping. Romero seemed happy, and he was always whistling and singing. In the first line of the story Armas even states, "Romero Estrado was called El Cotoro (The Parrot) because he was always whistling and singing" (1137). Armas at first makes no obvious remarks that Romero was a moron who should be avoided; in fact, the story discusses only the respect that people of the town had for Romero. Romero is even called "a respected citizen" (1138). It is interesting to note that Armas mentions that "Not even the kids made fun of him. It just was not permitted" (1138). This point lets the audience know that Romero was respected enough that even parents taught their children to respect him despite his faults. It is apparent that the town knew Romero was a little "touchy" (1138), but the citizens choose to overlook his faults. The citizens of the town and Romero... ...nd Kathleen Wilson. Cumulative Index. Michigan: Gale Research, Inc., 1998. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Index. Michigan: Gale Research, Inc., 1991. Critical Survey of Short Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magil. Cumulative Index. California: Salem Press, 1993. Frenandez, Roberto G. Bibliographical Index of Cuban Authors. Miami: Edidones Universal, 1983. Hispanic Writers. Bryan Ryan. Vol. 1. New York: Gale Research, Inc., 1991. Modern Latin America Literature. Ed. David William Foster. Vol. 2. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1975. Reference Guide to World Literature . Ed. Lesley Henderson. Vol. 2. New York: St. James Press, 1991. Short Story Criticism. Ed. Shelia Fitzgerald. Cumulative Index. Michigan: Gale Research, Inc., 1989. , World Literature Criticism. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 6. Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1992.      

Review the article What is strategy? by Michael .E. Porter Essay

Michael Eugene Porter is a Professor at The Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness, based at the Harvard Business School. He is generally recognized as the father of the modern strategy field. One of his great writing is â€Å"What is strategy?† published in 1996. The beginning of the article raises a mistake of Operational Effectiveness for Strategy that many companies had suffered for almost two decades. In the article, Operational Effectiveness means performing similar activities better than rivals perform them. To achieve this objective, companies based on its strength using their best available technologies, skill, management, human resource, eliminated wasted effort, motivated employees†¦ As the result of this, they could offer lower cost but superior quality to the customers meanwhile moving toward the frontier. In this case, customers and suppliers received a lot of benefit. But for the companies the fast and dramatic profit they received at the early time day by day became nothing. They just run faster and faster in the endless race of Operational Effectiveness, no one could win. One of the reasons for this is so irony. Competitors imitated the best practices in technology, management, input improvement. Therefore most of the com panies look nearly the same. There were no difference and competitive advantage anymore and the sinking price ever nearer to marginal cost. We can see it clearly in mobile phone market; Samsung is facing with the imitation from Chinese companies for example Xiaomi. Those new entrants put a heavy threat on market share and made Samsung lose a lot of money. By finding out and describe the matter really clearly, this article has shown the conflict in operating the companies. Managers have tried to get the better but receive the worse. It explains why many companies got stuck in their management trap for almost twenty years. To make it clearer, a very typical example falls into Japanese companies which imitated and emulated one another, tried to satisfy any need from customers. This argument from Porter helps managers avoid mistake and remind them about strategy. In the second part of the article, the method to solve the matter is introduced: â€Å"Strategy rests on Unique Activities†. Porter suggested that to avoid copying, and to be different, managers have to choose a different set of activities to deliver a unique mix of value, and perform activities different from competitors. It is Strategy positioning including three sources: The first one is â€Å"Variety Based Positioning†. The companies use this if they can create a particular product or service using distinctive set of activities to satisfy one common need of a group of customers. A very good example for this case is Jiffy Lube International. It just focus on automotive lubricants, no other car repair or maintenance service. Therefore, their service is faster at lower cost, persuading customer to get oil changes. This way will attract customers with strong and specific need especially the wise customers who believe in the advantage of specialization. The second one is â€Å"Needs Based Positioning† meaning serving all or most of the needs of a particular group of customers. To illustrate this case, Porter showed a very excellent example of Ikera. This company tried to serve all the home furnishing needs of its target customers who were happy to trade-off service for cost and need stylish furniture, in-store child care, extended hours. Besides according to the customers’ life period or special occasions, companies can offer different kinds of services, for example, BIDV bank can offer student a loan for study, after that another loan for buying car, house or when he needs some money for his wedding or business. The third one is â€Å"Access Based Positioning†: Segmenting customers who are accessible in different ways (geography, scale, or other differentiator that requires customizing of activities to reach this group of customers). For example, in Indian rural places where the roads were too poor that car and truck can not approach, Unilever group used local people to carry their products (shampoo†¦) and deliver to the local people in those remote places. In practice, some companies likes Blackberries, Samsung can attract normal customers by advertising but for famous people who create the fashion trend and influence community’s preference, the best way is sponsor or giving them the new expensive product as a present and paying them to use it. Anyway, there is an argument that is strategy doesn’t mean niche approach and the most important is that decision on selecting a set of activities has to meet a group of customers’ common needs. The more valuable the company’s position is the more attractive for rivals to imitate. Competitors can reposition itself or straddling (Continental airline maintain its full service while imitated Southwest point-to-point routes, no meal, low fare†¦). In order to make strategic position sustainable and avoid a burden of functions, companies have to trade-off. And it is mentioned in the third part of the article. â€Å"Trade-off† creates the need for choice and protects against repositioning and straddles as well as limit what a company offers. The company trades-off for three reasons; the first is in consistencies in image or reputation. For example Neutrogena has built it image for medical reputation, other brand can not copy because of huge expense. Some famous singers, actors or actresses never appear in small-time, unimportant show or event which may blur their image and rep utation. The second is from activities themselves, different position need different standards, method, and equipment (Ikea)†¦. A university lab room is just used for teaching or checking models in simple cases. It can not be used to do business in complex case like the lab room in industry. Finally; it comes from limit on internal coordination and control. Continental lost a lot of money when imitating Southwest to add a new service for point-to-point flight. However, in practice, trade-off is not easy. It’s not sure to choose what to remain and what to give up. In psychology, managers always want to make their company grow. When seeing the competitors who are successful and get a lot of profit, it’s hard to ignore without jump into that business. Therefore, trade-off requires thoughtful decision and sensitive impression. Furthermore, Porter argues that to gain competitive and sustainability every thing has to be â€Å"Fit†. That is the way activities relate to another. They are combined to fit and reinforce another. Activities can be performed separately but the give effect on each other. Since competitors are facing an entire ecosystem, with elements that allow and strengthen each other existence, they need to be very persistent, capitalize, or creative to be able to replicate or break the company’s strategy. To break a single chopstick is easy but it’s impossible to do the same with a bundle. Samsungà ¢â‚¬â„¢s success is achieved by a combination many aspects. Their products are well designed by excellent designers who are often visit world’s wonders, museum, and learn more knowledge from specialists. In addition, they have 33 technology centers for research. Their new management philosophy is another strong point, quality control and positive changes are extremely focused. On the other hand, Long Thanh milk fell to get fit. Their product â€Å"Lothamilk† is really good on quality and preferred by customers but the conflict among the leaders, the problem in management, and weakness in promotion prevent them from being in the top and growth. In the last part, Porter mentions about Rediscovering Strategy. One of main point is Failure to choose. Managers have been confused about the necessity of making choices. Scaring of leaving behind, companies imitated one another rush to meet all the needs of customers. Focusing on the efficiency frontier could lead one to think that companies should be able to beat its rivals simultaneously on all dimens ions. Another one is Growth Trap that means blind pursuit of growth has a diluting effect on a company’s strategy. Neutrogena suffered such a painful experience when they expanded into a wide variety of products: eyes-makeup remover, shampoo†¦which are not unique and weaken their image. Everything became worse when they began turning to promotion. The second point is Profitable Grow: Too often efforts to develop might harm the strategy but managers can choose suitable activities and cost to element their performance, deepen the long-term position. For example, Maytag organized it value brands into separate units with different strategic position while creating umbrella appliance company for all its brands to gain critical mass. The last but not least important is The Role of Leadership. The managers’ making choice or decision is really important. They have to choose what to do and what to trade-off. In Samsung’s management, when the CEO’s decision is made, all the members in this company have to strictly follow without any other argument or objection. In conclusion, improving in Operational Effectiveness is essential but it’s not enough because company need strategy for long-term success. Therefore, every company has to create preservable positive difference to set up it position, know how to trade-off, keep fit, and flexible enough to adapt wit h major constructional changes in its industry. The article â€Å"What is strategy† helps the readers to find out the difference between operational Effectiveness and Strategy, Then managers can realize the way to develop a valuable and sustainable strategy to control the company’s growth and maintain its composition as well as avoid mistake, and copy from the rivals. After reading this managers can combine positioning, trade-off, fit together to have a good strategy. It also shows us Strategy is the direction and capacity of an organization over long-term, and it is very important for the success of any business organization. Besides all the arguments in the article are in a good order. At the beginning, the problem was raised, and then came many explanations leading the solution. Each argument is made clear by a typical example which is clearly analyzed. On the other hand, the subjects in examples are reused many times, that helps the readers feel familiar and understand deeply about every case. Moreover, the information in the article is really useful and practical for management because it is the result of a careful research based on real, practical situations of some famous companies from all over the world. In addition, the business reality reflected in this article clearly illustrates the theory in the book. Finally, it is well designed and easy to understand. Therefore, all readers from beginning or advantage levels can enjoy it and find some thing useful for them. — The end —

John F Kennedy’s Inaugural Address - 778 Words

John F Kennedy’s Inaugural address Throughout John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address, Kennedy used a variation of rhetoric styles and diction in order to persuade his audience that all human beings should cohesively act as one to further human rights worldwide. On the 20th January 1961 John Fitzgerald Kennedy became America’s youngest president and became the first Catholic head of state. Against a backdrop of snow and sunshine Over 20,000 people gathered together to witness the event. After removing his topcoat, Kennedy delivered what has become a landmark inaugural address. His audience reached out to him as he seduced them with his use of language and bible references which lead to people to see him as a Christ like figure .He planned to both inspire the nation and to send a message abroad signaling the challenges of the cold war and his hope for peace in this nuclear time era. The finely crafted speech had been revised thoroughly by Kennedy and his close advisor Sorensen until he was satisfied. Kennedy’s speech was quite short with 1,300 words and it was made up of short phrases and words much like Lincoln’s famous speech. Kennedy evoked a sense of security and a spirit of idealism towards the end through clever manipulation when Kennedy beckoned on all Americans to service and sacrifice; ―’ And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country.’ What this statement meant to the people was a totally rethinking ofShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedys Inaugural Address1049 Words   |  5 PagesJohn F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address Ceremonial speeches are given to mark ceremonial events and help a society move beyond their differences. John F. Kennedy gave a ceremonial speech, his inaugural address, on January 20th, 1961, marking one of the most historic speeches in time. In John F. 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